Writing Essays - Choosing Essay Topics and Using Screwtape Letters

<h1>Writing Essays - Choosing Essay Topics and Using Screwtape Letters</h1><p>An significant part of exposition composing is the choice of article points and choosing the correct kinds of screwtape letters. The exposition point is the focal point of the whole creative cycle. The paper subject can be changed as the necessities direct yet the most significant thing that must be done is to begin composing an example on every one of the exposition themes that you need to write.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to picking the article points, there are a few things that one should remember. Since the subjects of a paper are diverse for every person, it is fitting to pick the point that you know can address the principle or sub-subject of the exposition too. Along these lines, when you search for your point, it is limited down.</p><p></p><p>Of course, the themes are significant for the paper subjects, yet the inquiries must be limi ted also. You should initially concoct a few significant inquiries, which are going to fill in as a feature of the synopsis area of the exposition. When you have recorded these inquiries, the following stage is place them into the article's body.</p><p></p><p>In request to maintain a strategic distance from issues while utilizing screwtape letters, it is essential to realize how to utilize them appropriately. For instance, when composing an article, it is smarter to utilize one letter to establish a connection with the peruser. This is on the grounds that the peruser doesn't peruse the body of the paper, yet rather the principal passage, so they have to take a few to get back some composure of the primary concern inside the first paragraph.</p><p></p><p>By putting the subject and the inquiry at the highest point of the page, the peruser will be keen on what you need to state in the remainder of the article theme. Remember that the moti vation behind the exposition is to get over the primary concerns of the paper. Along these lines, the substance of the passage ought to be outfitted towards that end. In any case, regardless of whether you add some diversion to the substance, it is significant that it doesn't take away from the central matter of the article.</p><p></p><p>The structure of the letters can be anything, yet you need to ensure that the fundamental goal of the letters are satisfied. In the event that they are not, it would be amateurish. You should simply to guarantee that the letter streams pleasantly and that it utilizes the standard of thirds to separate the sections. It is significant that your letters follow a specific example and be reliable with each other.</p><p></p><p>Now, it is conceivable to pull off utilizing more than one point in a paper. Be that as it may, one ought to recollect that this will build the quantity of themes that the paper has. A long these lines, it is prompted that you just pick one subject for the start of your paper and attempt to return to it after the center of the article is completed.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to picking the themes, you need to ensure that you just use what you feel great with. It is critical to remain consistent with yourself and not be influenced by any other individual's perspectives. The utilization of individual letters or experience is in every case best, yet it is in every case great to give the temporarily uncooperative mind a wide compartment. They can deal with their own missteps, as long as they remain concentrated on what you need them to say.</p>

Crash Essay Writing

Crash Essay WritingCrash course on writing an essay means writing an essay that was researched on a subject that is of interest to the reader. It is intended to deliver important information in a brief format without bogging down in lengthy explanations. Crash course on writing an essay helps the writer clearly communicate the objectives of the subject without getting bogged down with words. To achieve this goal, the writer should carefully research the topic, making sure to address all points that would be beneficial to the reader.The purpose of this type of essay is to use interesting, simple language that can be read with ease and is not too heavy. Crash course on writing an essay is an easy way to convey ideas in a quick manner. Writing an essay in the form of a story is called an anecdote, while using the form of a thesis statement is called a thesis statement.When you write a crash essay, make sure that the topics that you discuss are ones that have been well-known to you or to other well-known authors. It is important to understand that topics that are well-known to you are the ones that most readers will be familiar with, therefore, they are easier to research. Although some writers may still utilize the traditional thesis statement form, using the crash form gives the writer more flexibility in addressing the subject.The writer can use the thesis statement form of an essay as a prelude to a full thesis statement. This works especially well for those who are having trouble getting their point across in a thesis statement. Crash essay writing should be an easy process, since there are few rules to follow. This is very helpful to the writer because it helps to get started writing a crash essay without much trouble.To write a crash essay, the writer must have knowledge of how to use tables of contents. One of the best examples of a table of contents is a major section of a book. A table of contents gives the reader a place to start from, therefore, it can be used as a way to build an essay quickly. Many people like to use the table of contents when they write a crash essay, especially because it uses the first few chapters of a book as its premise.The structure of the essay is very important to the success of the essay. It is imperative that the writer is able to address each and every topic thoroughly and that they are able to keep the essay concise. When a person understands how to structure an essay, they can write an essay easily and produce excellent results.When writing an essay, it is important to outline the topic so that the reader has a basic idea of the subject matter. It is also important to outline the points before addressing them. Briefly introducing each point will help the writer to ensure that each point is properly covered.Before writing an essay, one must understand that writing is a difficult task. Crash essays are not only helpful for beginners, but they are also useful for experts in their fields. In order to w rite an essay that will impress readers, it is important to learn how to structure a great essay.

Summaries of Response Essay Samples - How to Write a Good One?

Summaries of Response Essay Samples - How to Write a Good One?If you are a writer or a teacher of English composition, the only way you can make it clear to the readers that your writing is great is by giving them a summary response essay samples. Yes, there are many ways in which you can have an interesting essay, but you need to be sure that it is both entertaining and informative. The following three paragraphs will give you the option to have an interesting essay.As soon as you finish reading this article, you can add your signature to this article and start writing a good summary response essay samples. Firstly, if you are planning to write a response, you must first know how to compose a good response. Just put yourself in the reader's shoes and try to come up with a statement that will show that you are interested in the opinion of the reader.I am not an expert in education but I understand that students have a tendency to cling on to the opinions of a particular people. Let's put the readers in the same situation that you are in when you want to refute what the other side has written.If you want to prove to the reader that you are not biased in the case, you should outline the facts that are against the issue in your response. Don't forget to also mention about your own reasoning for what you have written.This will show the readers that you don't like the reason why the other side is saying. If you want the readers to believe that you are impartial, you should not only refute the points you have made, you should also point out the flaws in the entire position that the other side has taken.In your response, you should answer their argument by explaining how you have explained how the situation has changed and hence how the other side is wrong. You have to keep in mind that they have an article and if they want you to debate, they can always print your rebuttal after publishing the entire article.This will let them know that you take your own approach in a case and that you do not fall in the same line as the other side. By using this method, you can convince the readers to support your viewpoint.

Essay on Stress The Silent Disease - 1747 Words

â€Å"Stress is a silent disease† (Doctor Hobel). Over the years, stress has played a major rule in a large majority of people’s lives throughout the United States. When thought about, it is said to be extremely surprising as to how many people really have stress in each individual’s life. People do not consider what the reasons are for the feelings and emotions they experience. There are all different types of stress, and stress can do a lot to a person. Each person also handles stress in a different way. Some can handle more than others, because every single person’s body works in a different way. Stress has also been told to cause people to act out of character (Dr. David Posen). They often do not act the way they usually would while under†¦show more content†¦Stress is also linked low fertility in one’s reproductive organs, and can cause problems during pregnancy or one’s menstrual cycle (www.everydayhealth.com). This happens whe n one is overwhelmed with the stress he or she is going through in their lives. No one person is the same, meaning stressors as well as stress levels differ for each individual. This is why it is hard for scientists to reach the core because it is a subjective sensation related with a variety of symptoms that differ for each of us. Because of this, stress is not always a synonym for distress. Situations like a steep roller coaster ride that cause fear and anxiety for some can prove highly pleasurable for others (www.stress.org). Each person also responds to stress differently. There are numerous physical as well as emotional responses to stress. Stress can cause an ocean of different emotions that are often times unpredictable. It can have wide ranging effects on people’s emotions, mood and behavior (www.stress.org). Stress has said to have been America’s number one leading health problem. It has been shown that stress levels have escalated in children, teenagers, co llege students and the elderly for reasons that of which have lead to: increased crime, violence, and other threats to personal safety; pernicious peer pressures that lead to substance abuse and other unhealthy life style habits; social isolation and loneliness; the erosion of family and religiousShow MoreRelatedAutoimmune Deficiencies Of Autoimmune Deficiency1591 Words   |  7 PagesAutoimmune Deficiencies are very complex and misunderstood diseases in the world today. Most people are uneducated and unaware of what these diseases actually are and the trials people diagnosed with these illnesses face. Due to their lack of education there is also a lack of compassion shown; causing an awkward, silent tension between people. Lupus is a subcategory of the Autoimmune Deficiencies. Those with this tend to be silent about their struggle, causing it to be unnoticed in the worldRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure Among African Americans1040 Words   |  5 PagesHigh Blood Pressure Among Afr ican Americans Many illness or diseases are known as silent killers because there are no signs or only vague signs of symptoms. These silent killers are deadly; in fact, they gradually consume a person in the early stages. One of those silent killers is High Blood Pressure also known as hypertension. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines High Blood Pressure as the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries, which carry blood from your heartRead MoreThe Effect Of Physiologic Stress On The Immune System1495 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a huge impact on the immune system when stress occurs. Physiologic stress is a chemical or physical disturbance produced by change in the external environment or within the body that brings out a response to offset that disturbance. Three components of physiologic stress include the exogenous or endogenous stressor initiating the disturbance, the chemical or physical disturbance produced by stressor and the body’s counteracting a daptation response to disturbance. Stressors include pain,Read MoreHypertension : A Common Disease893 Words   |  4 PagesHypertension is a common disease that many people have heard about, but many do not understand. This â€Å"silent killer† has many causes, as well as signs, symptoms; however, there are ways to avoid it. This paper will explain hypertension in detail, including how to prevent it and how to live life to the fullest while having hypertension. Hypertension, is also known as high blood pressure (HBP). It is a common disease which mainly affects people over the age of 60. Hypertension is caused by increasedRead MoreBipolar650 Words   |  3 Pagescertain degree. There’s a process that happens as the diagnosing of bipolar becomes successful the process can be a silent enemy as it takes over your body but if people know of the symptoms it can easily treated if caught at the right time, the symptoms also differ from each person it acts different for every human it effects which means it happens at no specific time which makes it a silent killer cause your thoughts become corrupt and the person becomes suicidal and if the thoughts get serious that’sRead MoreTaking a Look at Migraines1080 Words   |  4 Pagessufferers hand and may eventually spread to the nose/ mouth area. Auras that do not lead to headaches are known as ‘silent migraines’, but know frequency of migraine sufferers has been able t o be recorded as someone who would receive a ‘silent migraine’ is less likely to seek healthcare. The ‘Pain’ phase: This phase refers to receiving the severe headache. The headaches received from this disease are described as throbbing, intense and aggravating, neck pain is often associated with the headache. This phaseRead MoreElderly Abuse And The United State s Life Expectancy1142 Words   |  5 Pagesa risk of harm to an older adult† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The risk of harm to an older adult subsisted evident in an institutional setting, from my work experience. While I cannot disclose that the nurses physically, sexually, or financially abused the residents, I am aware of the neglect and emotional abuse the occurred in this setting. The abuse that occurs to elderly individuals stems for two triggers – caregiver stress and the vulnerability of the elder. According toRead MoreSickle Cell Anemia Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesan inherited disease in which the body is unable to produce normal hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein. Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which the body is unable to produce normal hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein. Abnormal hemoglobin can change cells that can become stuck in narrow blood vessels, blocking oxygen from reaching organs and tissues. Tissue that does not get a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the problems of sickle cell disease. As to this dayRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers: A Look into the Disease1346 Words   |  6 Pagesinto the Disease Background problem Despite being known for over one hundred years the cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still not completely understood. This terminal disease affects about 800,000 people in the UK and is expected to greatly increase in number of cases in the coming years. AD has proven to be an elusive disease to understand; yet it is more important than ever to continue researching AD in attempt to find a cure for the many people and family members that this disease affectsRead MoreAfrican American Parents With The Sickle Cell Trait1524 Words   |  7 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Hypothesis: African-American parents with the Sickle Cell Trait have the greatest risk of passing Sickle Cell Anemia to their offspring. In this article, sickle cell anemia is defined as a hereditary disease that destroys red blood cells by causing them take on an elongated and rigid sickle shape. In addition, a different type of hemoglobin called Hemoglobin S, is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. This protein starts to wrap around other

Application of Psychological Theories

Question: Discuss about theApplication of Psychological Theories. Answer: Introduction The human memory is very fragile. The initial process for the acquisition of the knowledge is slow and is effortless. In addition, once the mastery has been achieved, the knowledge should be exercised more periodically in order to mitigate the forgetting (Crain, 2015). Understanding of the cognitive mechanisms of the memory can be longstanding goal for the modern experimental psychology, with much hope for the understanding for the will to lead to the practical techniques, which support the learning as well as retention. Education has always been awash for the new ideas about the learning as well as the teaching (Tyner, 2013). The teachers are regularly been bombarded with the suggestions for the reform. The psychological theories are good at explaining why than at making the predictions, in parts because the behavior is the multiply determined. The theories, which will be discussed in this essay, will be classical psychology-dynamic theory, Social Learning theory and the cognitive t heory. The use of these theories will examine how they motivate an individual in order to be able utilize the memory techniques in enhancing on their learning. Social Learning Theory Learning is social, based on the social learning; studying is typically an intellectual task, which happens in the interpersonal framework as well as the Modeling. People generally understand by means of observing a behaviour along with the positive or perhaps the negative outcomes of the behavior (Neimeyer, 2015). Basing on these point of view people could consequently manage to extorted information in relation to the noticed behavior, after which make the decision depending on that information. The behavior of the student could affect on their environment just as the environment of the learner impacts on their behavior (Siemens, 2014). Understanding on the cognitive learning process as well as the relation to the social context could help the learners to plan better on the instruction and the social environments of the classroom. When planning on the activities, which limit on the social interaction, it is important to note what is helping as well as hindering the learners in the p rocess of learning (Neimeyer, 2015). The use of this theory can help to motivate the leaners. The learners have a good reason or perhaps the motivation to reproduce on their behavior. Understanding what getsthe learners to school each one, each day might be complicated, also it might varies for each person. Utilizing the situations for the effective Modeling depend on the numerous cognitive as well as be behavioural process for instance attention, retention along with motivation (Siemens, 2014). These processes could help to capture on the learners attention or perhaps model on their behaviors later. The essence of any learning is the capturing as well as maintaining of the attention of the learner, which is the key factor. The use of the social learning theory suggest that the learners need to be motivated in their learning (Currie Atkinson, 2015). The motivation can essentially originate from the reward or the punishment, as when the learners are in the similar situation they cou ld imitate or perhaps avoid on the behavior based on their experiences. According to Bandura, highlights that it is only the external reinforcement, which impact on the learning as well as behavior, but the internal reward, which is regarded as the intrinsic reinforcement, are significant (Siemens, 2014). The internal reinforcement usually comes from the feeling good after undertaking a successful task or perhaps a behavior. Psychology-Dynamic Theory This theory focusses on how the inner energies as well as the internal forces interact in order to affect the emotional development. The concentrate in the psychodynamics theory is the link, which is available between the energetics of the emotional condition in the id, ego along with the super-ego since they relate with the initial childhood advancement and processes (Walton, 2014). Depending on the Freud is the ego, which that envisions as the battling for the several forces. The id is normally the unacquainted reservoir for the libido, the psychic energy that fuels on the intuition as well as the psychic techniques (Lenz, 2014). The ego generally function as the common manager of the individuality , therefore creating on the choices in relation to the pleasures which can be participated in at the demand of the id , personal safety requirements along with the moral dictates for the superego which would be followed . The superego generally describes the repository for personal moral values, which can be split to the conscience that is on the internalization for the modern society guidelines along with the restrictions in addition to the ego ideal, which can be on the internalization of one goal (Crain, 2015). The psychodynamic model generally concentrate on the dynamic interaction between the id, ego along with the superego. Additionally, it has a tendency to explain or maybe analyse behavior and mental state concerning the innate emotional forces (Siemens, 2014). The psychodynamics is divided continues to be put into the interaction of the emotional and the motivational forces which influence the behavior and the mental states. The second is on the inner forces, which affect the behavior. In accordance with Freud, the development of the personality occurs during the childhood (Currie Atkinson, 2015). During every one of the stage, the child is normally offered the conflict between the biological drives as well as interpersonal expectation. Successful navigat ion of the inner issues might lead to the dominance of every of the development stage and ultimately to be fully develop fully individuality. The personal desires on the framework of id, ego and superego ascertain precisely how we act as well as approach the world (Kintsch Vipond, 2014). The balance of a particular circumstance in the learning process is established about how we solve on the conflict that is between the overarching behavioural tendencies of the biological aggressive and the pleasure that is seeking the drive as well as the socialized internal control. Cognitive Theory When individual say the word learning they usually mean to think about the brain. The basic concept for the learning is essentially the viewpoint for the cognitive learning theory. The theory has been used for explaining the mental processes since they are influenced by both the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic factors that eventually would result to the learning of a person. The cognitive learning usually implies that the various processes in regards to the learning could be explained as well as analyzed using the mental processes initially (Hambleton Zaal, 2013). It highlights that with an effective cognitive processes, the learning could be much easier as well as new information could be stored in the memory for a very long time. On the other perspective, the ineffective cognitive processes could result to the learning difficulties which could be seen anytime especially during the lifetime of the person (Kintsch Vipond, 2014). In the individual environment interaction, the hum an beliefs, the ideas as well as the cognitive competencies are usually modified through the external elements such as the supportive parent, or perhaps the stressful environment. In the individual behavior interaction, the cognitive processes of individuals usually impact on their behavior. The performance such as the behavior could be modified on the way individuals think (Hambleton Zaal, 2013). It is important to note that the learning is social and it is not isolated, as individuals learn while they are interacting with each other through the various shared activities as well as through the language, as they are discussing, share the knowledge as well as the problem solving especially during the tasks (Currie Atkinson, 2015). In the use of the cognitive theory, it advocate that when individuals changes their thoughts, they could change on their mood, decrease of the anxiety, or perhaps improving on their relationship. Conclusion Individuals improvement of the memory is much easier than it sounds. Most individual think that memory as static as well as unchanging. In psychology, an individual can improve their memory using the various theories that have been researched by different authors. This essay has focussed on three theories, which could be employed by the learners in order to enhance on their memory. In this essay, will be classical psychology-dynamic theory, Social Learning theory and the cognitive theory. The use of these theories the psychologist have elaborated on how they could be used in order to motivate individuals so as to utilize these memory techniques to enable them in their learning at the CDU and beyond. The learners usually respond to the unfairness in their environment, they learn from the various consequences of their own actions and the repeat of their behavior which lead to the positive results. The learners are usually motivated in order to exert on the effort if they see their own actions, which could lead the outcomes, which could get them to the rewards that are desired. None of these theories, which have been presented, is complete on their own, but each of the theories provides individuals with the framework that could be analyzed, interpreted as well as managed behaviors while learning. References Crain, W. (2015). Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Psychology Press. Currie, S., Atkinson, L. (2015). The application of psychological methods, models and theories to the understanding of health in the pregnancy and postpartum period: A review of a BPS-funded seminar series. Health Psychology Update, 24(2), 56. Hambleton, R. K., Zaal, J. N. (Eds.). (2013). Advances in educational and psychological testing: Theory and applications (Vol. 28). Springer Science Business Media. Kintsch, W., Vipond, D. (2014). Reading comprehension and readability in educational practice and psychological theory. Perspectives on memory research: essays in honor of Uppsala University's 500th Anniversary, L. Nilsson, Editor. 1979, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 329-65. Lenz, T. L. (2014). Developing lifestyle medicine tools from psychological theories. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 8(1), 28-30. Neimeyer, R. A. (Ed.). (2015). Death anxiety handbook: Research, instrumentation, and application. Taylor Francis. Siemens, G. (2014). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Tyner, K. (2013). Development of mental representation: Theories and applications. Psychology Press. Walton, G. M. (2014). The new science of wise psychological interventions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(1), 73-82.

Subversive Comedy vs Social Comedy Essay in Restoration Drama

Introduction One of the main reasons why Restoration comedies The Country Wife by William Wycherley and The Rover by Aphra Behn were able to attain a popularity with the members of viewing audiences at the time of their staging, is that both dramaturgical works contain themes and motifs of an unmistakably societal significance.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Subversive Comedy vs Social Comedy Essay in Restoration Drama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That is, just as it is the case with Wycherley’s comedy, the one written by Behn does address the socio-cultural effects of Restoration on British society. In this paper, I will explore the validity of this suggestion at length, while arguing that; whereas, The Country Wife is best discussed within the conceptual framework of a ‘subversive comedy’, The Rover fits better into the framework of a ‘social comedy’ (as defined by Can field). Main body According to Canfield: â€Å"Subversive comedy reveals fissures under the smooth surface of official ideology, even as the play end in ritual celebration of society’s centripetal power – usually a marriage† (XVII). [This is how the page, containing Canfield’s definition, is numbered]. Canfield’s term implies that this particular type of comedy exposes deep-seated inconsistencies between the official state-ideology and the actual state of socio-cultural affair in the country. In order for us to be able to substantiate the suggestion that the earlier provided definition does apply to Wycherley’s comedy, we will have to make mentioning of what were the specifics of a socio-political situation in Britain, during the course of Restoration. Before being allowed to return to Britain and to assume British throne, Charles II was made to promise that, while acting as a king, he would refrain from trying to limit the British citizensà ¢â‚¬â„¢ newly gained civil liberties, including the right to enjoy a religious freedom. This created a somewhat paradoxical situation – whereas, the government headed by Charles II predominantly consisted of ‘old school’ aristocrats, strongly affiliated with the representatives of largely Catholic social elites in Europe, the majority of ordinary Britons were in fact Protestants, who resented the ‘immorality’ of the Charles’s court. Thus, in order to be considered a legitimate ruler, Charles II had no other option but to act on behalf of these people, while safeguarding Britain’s interests, as an essentially ‘Protestant country’ – even at the expense of imposing a certain ideological censorship on the members of his formally Catholic/Anglican but factually atheist entourage.Advertising Looking for term paper on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is needless to mention, of course, that the court’s aristocratic sophisticates (libertines) were far from considering such state of affairs thoroughly normal. However, while being unable to openly express their lack of enthusiasm towards the prospect of having to coexist peacefully with ‘brutish commoners’, they nevertheless used to do it in a rather subtle manner – such as by favoring the plays, which were supposed to expose the officially sponsored ideology of a ‘national unity’, as having been utterly superficial (Jones, 298). Therefore, it will be fully appropriate, on our part, to refer to Wycherly’s The Country Wife as an unmistakably ‘subversive comedy’. This is because it does promote the idea that, contrary to what were the provisions of the political ideology of Restoration, there was in fact an irreconcilable existential gap between the intellectually advanced/liberated but strongly cynical representatives o f British ‘old school’ aristocracy, on the one hand, and the greed-driven/intellectually shallow but pretentiously religious Protestants (Puritans), on the other (Malcolm, 309). As Canfield noted in his book The Broadview Anthology of Restoration and Early Eighteenth Century Drama: â€Å"Subversive comedy tends to focus on†¦ centrifugal energy. Sometimes this energy strains the seams that hope or pretend to stitch together a superficially homogeneous ruling class out of the heterogeneous elements of a tenuous oligarchic coalition† (121). The validity of this statement can be well illustrated in regards to a number of comedy’s scenes, which ridicule the ‘virtuous gang’ members’ tendency to remain strongly committed to leading ‘morally sound’ lifestyles, as the foremost proof of their de facto bestiality. [This is just an introductory statement – it implies that its validity will be illustrated in the paperâ€℠¢s consequential parts]. For example, while explaining his rationale to adopt the posture of a sexually impotent man, Horner states that it is specifically the targeted ‘virtuous’ women’s observable repulsion towards sexually-incapacitated males, which should serve him as the actual indication that, despite being ‘morally uptight’, they nevertheless strongly crave for an adulterous sex. Hence, the discursive significance of Horner’s suggestion that: â€Å"I can be sure, she that shows an aversion to me loves the sport (sex) as those Women that are gone, whom I warrant to be right† (The Country Wife Act 1. Scene 1. Lines 30-31). As Hynes noted: â€Å"Presumably, the women who make the greatest fuss about honor, virtue, and chastity are in fact the most lustful and therefore the most promising subjects† (175). Apparently, having been a rather wise individual, Horner was perfectly aware that one’s adherence to the moralistic dogmas of a particular religion does not make the concerned individual less of an animal, in the biological sense of this word.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Subversive Comedy vs Social Comedy Essay in Restoration Drama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implicitly promoted idea was meant to reveal the sheer hypocrisy of how overly religious ‘commoners’ used to address life-challenges, while assuming that the objective laws of nature did not have any effect on them. [This is just my personal interpretation, which is why there is no need to cite any source, in order to confirm the interpretation’s validity]. Another subject of the Wycherley comedy’s societal criticism was the fact that, despite praising the Christian values of ‘love and tolerance’, the male-representatives of the newly emerged social class of bourgeoisie nevertheless could never bring themselves t o recognize the basic humanity of women. This is because the sheer strength of these people’s commitment to generating a commercial income (according to the Protestant doctrine, one’s financial well-being is the foremost proof that he or she is in favor with God) created objective preconditions for them to refer to women in terms of a soulless commodity (Weber, 35). For example, it is not only that one the comedy’s main characters Jack Pinchwife (representing country-commoners) [The play’s context suggests that the character of Jack Pinchwife is a commoner] used to deny his wife Margery the liberty of being able to socialize with others, but he in fact was quite comfortable with the idea disfiguring her physically, as the ultimate confirmation of his ‘possession’ of this woman. There is a memorable scene in the comedy, when Jack forces Margery to write a letter to Horner, while threatening to ‘punish’ her would-be-disobedience wi th a knife: â€Å"Write as I bid you, or I will write ‘Whore’ with this knife in your Face† (The Country Wife Act 4. Scene 2. Line 79). By having this scene included in the comedy, Wycherly wanted to show that, despite having attained a social prominence, the representatives of London’s ‘new money’ bourgeoisie never ceased to remain ‘animals’ on the inside – not just irreconcilably alienated from the ideals of a courtly gallantry, but utterly incapable of understanding what the notion of a behavioral decency stands for. It is quite clear that the comedy’s exposure of these people’s actual ways was meant to undermine even further the integrity of the officially upheld ideology of a ‘national unity’. [This is because the comedy shows that, psychologically speaking, aristocrats and commoners differ from each other rather drastically].Advertising Looking for term paper on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, it would not be fully appropriate to discuss the subversive subtleties of The Country Wife, as being solely concerned with exposing the ‘fissures’. After all, it is not only that Wycherly succeeded in revealing the sheer pretentiousness/shallowness of the comedy’s ‘morally virtuous’ characters, such as Jack Pinchwife and Lady Fidget, but he also showed the actual roots of their hypocritical attitudes. Hence, another important aspect of the comedy’s ‘subversiveness’, as such that subtly promoted the idea that, regardless of the amount of the received education, natural-born commoners are simply incapable of matching the aristocrats’ cognitive-perceptual sophistication. As Knapp pointed out: â€Å"The gallants in The Country Wife place a high priority on witty conversation and object to the witless Sparkish’s interference with it† (454). The full soundness of this statement can be well explored in regards to the comedy’s scenes, in which Horner mocks Mr. Sparkish’s outright stupidity – despite the fact that the latter continues to remain fully convinced that he is indeed a sophisticate individual: â€Å"No gad, he’ll never let her (Margery) come amongst us good fellows. Your stingy country Coxcomb keeps his wife from his friends as he does his little Firkin of Ale for his own drinking. Ha, ha, ha, gad, I am witty† (The Country Wife Act 4. Scene 3. Lines 184-187). In this respect, Wycherley’s message is clear – one’s consciously adopted posture in life has very little to do with what the concerned individual really is, in the de facto sense of this word. This message’s discursive implications are also quite apparent – people’s strive to gain a social prominence cannot be discussed in terms of a ‘thing in itself’, as it is only the inheritably noble (and therefore, intelligent) individuals , who are being naturally ‘preordained’ to exercise a political authority within the society. Thus, by mocking ‘piggish commoners’, Wycherley’s comedy in fact undermined the Restoration’s conceptual legitimacy, as such that occurred due to the involved parties’ willingness to reconcile – even though that they never truly believed in the reconciliation’s long-lastingness. Discussion Whereas, Wycherley’s comedy clearly aimed to undermine the discursive provisions of Restoration [that is, this comedy aimed to expose the earlier mentioned ‘fissures’], as the event that contrary to its formal significance, legitimized the British bourgeoisie’s continual dominance in the country’s public life, Aphra Behn’s The Rover had the opposite agenda – convincing viewers that, despite their rather flamboyant lifestyles, British exiled nobles were in fact the nation’s integral part. Thi s, was meant to provide citizens with yet another reason to think of the Restoration, as having been fully justified. Therefore, The Rover can be well discussed in terms of a ‘social comedy’, because it does adhere to the Canfield’s definition of this particular dramaturgical sub-genre: â€Å"Social comedy socializes threats against hegemonic culture†¦ Good nature and generosity replace wit and energy as the supreme values†¦ – even as bourgeois morality becomes an ethic of sentiment, of benevolence, providing the rationale for patronizing the less fortunate, less civilized† (XVII). [This is how the page, containing Canfield’s definition, is numbered]. After all, the themes and motifs [concerned with advancing the cause of Restoration], contained in this particular comedy, do serve the purpose of convincing viewers that there was indeed a very little rationale for them to think of formerly exiled loyalists (‘banish’t Cav aliers’), as having been psychologically alienated from the rest of British ‘common’ citizens. [This is an interpretative statement, supported by the following citation]. In this respect, one hardly disagree with Beach: â€Å"The fact that the play was embraced by the court suggests that The Rover expresses a pro-Stuart ideology, yet its position was moderate and ï ¬â€šexible enough to allow its survival beyond its historical moment† (2). The legitimacy of the earlier suggestion can be shown in relation to the following ideological aspects of Behn’s comedy: First, The Rover promotes the idea that, contrary to what contemporaries used to think of exiled gallants, there was nothing ‘effeminate’ about these people’s postures in life (Beach 7). The character of Willmore is especially illustrative, in this respect. It is not only that he never tries to avoid fighting with the numerically superior Spanish, but also he always ends up c hasing them away in the end, while usually commenting their ‘retreats’ in a rather sarcastic manner: â€Å"A plague upon your Dons, if they fight no better they’ll ne’er recover Flanders.- What the Devil was’t to them that I took down the Picture?† (The Rover Act 2. Scene 2. Lines 201-203). As it can be well seen from the above-quotation, it was a customary practice for Willmore to refer to his Spanish competitors with utter disrespect, due to their cowardly attitudes. There is even more to it – the second part of Willmore’s remark implies that, as compared with the British, the Spanish are differently ‘brain-wired’. Whereas, the Spanish are ‘emotion-driven’, the British are ‘rationale-driven’ – hence, the key to the existential superiority of the latter. Apparently, Behn was trying to advance the idea that there was nothing accidental about the fact that, regardless of what happened to be the actual form of the British government (monarchy or republic) in the past, Britons never had a problem, while subduing their Spanish counterparts. It is needless to mention, of course, that there is a strongly defined nationalist sentiment to it, which in turn implies that, while working on The Rover, Behn wanted to prompt viewers to think that it is not their class-status that matters, but rather their national affiliation. [This is an interpretative statement, supported by the earlier provided line of argumentation]. Second, The Rover promotes the idea that, even though the exiled British ‘cavaliers’ did not have any other option but socialize with Catholics, there was nothing ‘treacherous’ about it, as the gallants in question never ceased recognizing the apparent fallacies of Catholicism. For example, after having listened to Hellena’s plans of becoming a nun, Willmore exclaims â€Å"A Nun! Oh how I love thee for’t! thereâ€℠¢s no Sinner like a young Saint† (The Rover Act 1. Scene 2. Lines 70-71). Obviously enough, this Willmore’s remark was meant to expose him as a rationally minded individual, highly skeptical of the Catholics’ tendency to follow the dogmas of their religion, regardless of how nonsensical the latter might have been. This, of course, was intended to provide the audience members with a yet additional reason to believe that, despite the Restoration’s formally ‘reactionary’ nature [monarchy is the discursively outdated form of government], there was nothing truly reactionary about it, as it is one’s endowment with the sense of ‘Englishness’ which reflects upon his or her social value, and not the concerned person’s religion (Beach 8). Hence, yet another justification for our earlier suggestion that The Rover does in fact belong to the sub-genre of a ‘social comedy’ – this play subtly argues that it is s pecifically the governmental officials’ ability to maintain the society’s structural integrity, which should be considered the main indication of their professional adequacy. Third, Behn’s comedy shows that the Britain’s eventual transformation from being ruled by ‘nobles’ to being ruled by ‘merchants’ was bound to occur – regardless of the aristocrats’ attitude towards it. This [‘What?’ what?] is the true significance of the motif of prostitution, explored throughout the comedy’s entirety. There is another memorable scene in The Rover, where Angelica tries to enlighten Willmore, as to the fact that there is nothing fundamentally different between women ‘renting’ their bodies to make a commercial profit, on the one hand, and men marrying women ‘in good faith’ for essentially the same purpose, on the other: â€Å"Pray, tell me, Sir, are not you guilty of the same mercena ry Crime? When a Lady is proposed to you for a Wife, you never ask, how fair, discreet, or virtuous she is; but what’s her Fortune – which if but small, you cry – She will not do my business – and basely leave her†¦?† (The Rover Act 2. Scene 2. Lines 105-109). There is a strongly defined discursive overtone to this Angelica’s remark (with which Willmore agrees) – Behn wanted to advance the idea that, since the relations between men and women can be well conceptualized in terms of commercial transactions, there is nothing wrong about the process of the 17th century’s British society becoming ever more ‘commercialized’. After all, men and women comprise just about any human society. [This is the common sense knowledge]. As Szilagyi noted: â€Å"Angelica’s prostitution†¦ is, in principle, foundational for all the socio-political contracts between individuals in public life† (449). In other words , by prompting readers to adopt an intellectually flexible attitude towards the notion of prostitution, in general, Behn was simultaneously trying to enlighten them on the discursive connotations of socio-economic dynamics within the British society, in particular – hence, patronizing them to an extent. [The validity of this statement is confirmed by the above-quotation and by what are the interpretative implications of the earlier deployed line of an argumentative reasoning]. By doing it, she undoubtedly contributed towards the process of British formally monarchist government striving to set the country on the path of cultural and technological progress. This, of course, once again confirms the validity of the earlier suggestion that The Rover may indeed be discussed in terms of a ‘social comedy’. [The reason for this is apparent – as opposed to what it happened to be the case with ‘subversive comedies’, The Rover does not strive to expose t he ‘centrifugal energy’ within the society, but rather to conceal it. This is also the example of an interpretative statement, so I do not quite understand why I am being required to provide any reference-sources]. Conclusion I believe that the deployed line of argumentation, in regards to what should be considered the extent of each of the analyzed plays’ consistency with Canfield’s definitions of ‘subversive’ and ‘social’ Restoration comedies, fully correlates with the paper’s initial thesis. [There are no Canfield’s ‘terms’ per se, but only his highly subjective (pretentiously sophisticate but rather unintelligible, I may add) visions, as to what the concepts of ‘subversive’ and ‘social’ comedy stand for. Therefore, I am not in a position to provide universally applicable explanations to these ‘terms’ (I will be asked for ‘sources’ again), since the very essence of the discussed subject matter denies such a possibility. We do not talk nuclear physics here; there are no scientific formulas involved. The points made earlier, do expose the discursive difference between both comedies. If these points are not clear to you, I will be able to highlight them for your convenience]. Works Cited Beach, Adam. â€Å"Carnival Politics, Generous Satire, and Nationalist Spectacle in Behn’s The Rover.† Eighteenth-Century Life 28.3 (2004): 1-19.Print. Behn, Aphra 1677, The Rover. PDF file. 31 Mar. 2013. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/719/rover.pdf?sequence=1 Canfield, Douglas. The Broadview Anthology of Restoration and Early  Eighteenth Century Drama. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2001. Print. Canfield, Douglas. Tricksters and Estates: On the Ideology of Restoration  Comedy. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1997. Print. Hynes, Peter. â€Å"Against Theory? Knowledge and Action in Wyche rley’s Plays.†Ã‚  Modern Philology 94.2 (1996): 163-189. Print. Jones, James. â€Å"Liberty secured? Britain Before After 1688.† Canadian  Journal of History 28. 2 (1993): 295-305. Print. Knapp, Peggy. â€Å"The ‘Plyant’ Discourse of Wycherley’s ‘The Country Wife’.†Ã‚  Studies in English Literature 40.3 (2000): 451-472. Print. Malcolm, Joyce. â€Å"Charles II and the Reconstruction of Royal Power.† The  Historical Journal 35.2 (1992): 307-330. Print. Szilagyi, Stephen. â€Å"The Sexual Politics of Behn’s Rover: After Patriarchy.†Ã‚  Studies in Philology 95.4 (1998): 435-455. Print. Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Routledge, London, 2001. Print. Wycherly, William 1675, The Country Wife. PDF file. Web. This term paper on Subversive Comedy vs Social Comedy Essay in Restoration Drama was written and submitted by user Logan Chan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Humanism During The Renaissance Essays - Medieval Philosophy

Humanism During The Renaissance Essays - Medieval Philosophy Humanism During the Renaissance The Renaissance was an incredibly important turning point in Western Intellectual and Cultural Tradition. All of these changes centered around the idea of Humanism in which, people became less "God Centered" and more "Human-centered". I have narrowed down these changes, and will discuss in detail, these changes in three major categories: Political, Education, and the Humanism of Arts. The major pollical changes of the Renaissance were from the old Feudal System of the Middle Ages into a more flexible and liberal class system. This was most noticeable in Italy (particularly in Florence), where the divisions consisted of the old rich, the new rich nobles, the middle class, and the lower middle class(The poor didn't count). This created great conflict between these social divisions. The new rich consisted of successful merchants, capitalists, and bankers innovators of new systems of making money. The Humanism philosophy was also a very popular with the people and many political leaders rose to high positions with support of these ideals. Three humanists even became chancellors of Florence they used their rhetorical skills to strongly rally the people of Florence against their enemies. The great changes in Education of the Renaissance were inspired at first, by the desire of Humanists to be wise and to speak eloquently. The idea of useful education for the people, and very "well rounded" schooling in many different fields of learning were the new defined goals of Renaissance education. People all over (Especially in Florence) revived the Ancient Greek studies of Plato, Aristotle, and many others. People began seriously questioning what these people said and re-developed the "Scientific Theory" in which you didn't just accept whatever was said to you, but you tested the truth of it. In the area of Humanism and the Arts, Renaissance Artists no longer were subordinate to the interests and the values of the Clergy, and were able to create anything of their "artistic will". Both men and women were now able to appreciated arts beyond just religious themes. Artists could also now take advantage of new techniques, such as oil painting and linear perspective to enhance the quality of their works. All of the great artists of the time used became who they were solely because of this new artistic freedom that the Renaissance brought them. These artists also created works that were more complex than before. Taking advantage of this, artists such as Leonardo da Vinci the ultimate example of the Renaissance man working in all types of educational fields, and Michelangelo who was possibly the most famous artist and sculptor in history. As you can see, the Renaissance was to great extent and a major turning point in history from the Middle Ages in just about every element of the Society. The Renaissance have truly become the original roots of our culture from the West. This was was the time when people questioned the past, and decided to go back to the schools of learning taking the past of the Greeks into their present to make a better future.